inglese

Pronomi personali

P.P. SOGGETTO sono sempre espressi, ed eccezione nei casi in cui frasi coordinate abbiano lo stesso soggetto o nel caso dell'imperativo

P.P. COMPLEMENTO sono usati dopo un verbo, come complementi diretti, o dopo una preposizione, come complementi indiretti

	PRONOMI PERSONALI SOGGETTO		PRONOMI PERSONALI COMPLEMENTO
1° persona singolare	I	io	me	me/mi
2° persona singolare	you	tu	you	te/ti
3° persona singolare	he	lui/egli	him	lo/gli
3° persona singolare	she	lei/ella	her	la/le
3° persona singolare	it	esso/essa	it	lo/gli/la/le

1° persona plurale	we	noi	us	ce/ci
2° persona plurale	you	voi	you	ve/vi
3° persona plurale	they	loro/essi/esse	them	li/gli/le

Aggettivi e pronomi possessivi

	PRONOMI POSSESSIVI	AGGETTIVI POSSESSIVI
1° persona singolare	Mine	My	Mio .
2° persona singolare	Yours	Your	Tuo
3° persona singolare	His	His	Suo di lui
3° persona singolare	Hers	Her	Suo di lei
3° persona singolare	its	Its	Suo(oggetto)

1° persona plurale	Ours	Our	Nostro
2° persona plurale	Yours	Your	Vostro .
3° persona plurale	Theirs	their	Loro .

Aggettivi e Pronomi interrogativi

Who Chi

What Quale-che

Which Quale(tra i..)

Whose Di chi

Question words

How Come

When Quando

Where Dove

Why Perché?

Aggettivi e Pronomi

Dimostrativi

This questo

That quello

These questi

Those quelli

Plurale

Maggior parte dei Sostantivi	Suffisso Plurale
Maggior parte dei Sostantivi	-s
Sostantivi che terminano con	Suffisso Plurale
-s	-es
-sh
-ch
-x
-z
-o (eccetto parole di origine straniera)
-consonante + y	-ies
-f (eccetto roof - proof - handkerchief - cliff -chief - belief	-ves
-fe	-ves
-um	-a
-on	-a
-is	-es

Sostantivi con Plurale Irregolare

Singolare

Plurale

man

(uomo)

men

(uomo)

woman

(donna)

women

(donna)

child

(bambino)

children

(bambini)

foot

(piede)

feet

(piedi)

tooth

(dente)

teeth

(denti)

mouse

(topo)

mice

(topi)

Articolo

Articolo determinativo

Esempio

the

the office -> l'ufficio

the printer -> la stampante

Articolo indeterminativo

Esempio

a -> consonante

a -> parole che iniziano con i suoni /ju/ e /ua/

a printer -> una stampante

a house -> una casa

a European city -> una città europea

a one-way street -> una strada a senso unico

an -> vocale

an -> h muta, cioè non aspirata

an office -> un ufficio

an hour -> un'ora

an honest man-> un uomo onesto

an honour -> un onore

Preposizioni di Stato in Luogo

in (in/a)

at (a/in)

on (su/sopra -

con contatto)

over (su/sopra/al di sopra -

senza contatto)

under (sotto)

near (vicino/vicino a)

next to, beside, by (affianco/accanto a)

behind (dietro a/di)

in front of (davanti a/di fronte a)

opposite (dirimpetto/faccia a faccia)

in the middle of (nel centro di/nel mezzo di)

between (tra/fra 2)

among (tra/fra molti-più di 2)

Preposizioni

Preposizioni di Moto a Luogo

from (da)

to (a/in)

out of (fuori da)

into (in/dentro-luogo chiuso)

Indefinito	Uso	Esempio
some (qualche/del/alcuno)	frasi affermative	I've got some cheese -> Ho un po' di formaggio
any (qualche/del/alcuno)	frasi negative e interrogative	Have you got any eggs? -> Hai delle uova? There aren't any books -> Non ci sono libri
no (nessun)	come aggettivo al posto di notany	There are no books -> Non ci sono libri
much (molto)	di solito frasi negative e interrogative con i sostantivi non numerabili	I don't usually eat much bread -> Di solito non mangio molto pane Have you got much money? -> Hai molti soldi?
many (molto)	di solito frasi negative e interrogative con i sostantivi numerabili	Have you got many friends? -> Hai molti amici? There aren't many computers at school -> Non ci sono molti computer a scuola
a lot of (lots of) (molto)	di solito frasi affermative* sia con i numerabili che con i non numerabili (lots of è più informale e indica una quantità maggiore)	We've got a lot of students this year -> Abbiamo molti studenti quest'anno

Verbo essere

presente

	AFFERMATIVA	NEGATIVA	INTERROGATIVA	INTERROGATIVO-NEGATIVA
Forma per esteso	I am You are He is She is It is	I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not	Am I . ? Are you . ? Is he . ? Is she . ? Is it . ?	Am I not . ? Are you not . ? Is he not . ? Is she not . ? Is it not . ?
Forma per esteso	We are You are They are	We are not You are not They are not	Are we . ? Are you . ? Are they . ?	Are we not . ? Are you not . ? Are they not . ?

Forma contratta	I'm You're He's She's It's	I'm not You're not You aren't He's not He isn't She's not She isn't It's not It isn't		Aren't I . ? Aren't you . ? Isn't he . ? Isn't she . ? Isn't it . ?
Forma contratta	We're You're They're	We're not We aren't You're not You aren't They're not They aren't		Aren't we . ? Aren't you . ? Aren't they . ?

Forma AFFERMATIVA: Soggetto + TO BE + complemento (Es: Mark is American

Forma NEGATIVA: Soggetto + TO BE + NOT + complemento (Es: Mark is not American

Forma INTERROGATIVA: TO BE + soggetto + complemento (Es: Is Mark American?

Forma INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA: forma contratta di BE/ NOT+ soggetto + complemento (Es: Isn't Mark American?

Simple past

	AFFERMATIVA	NEGATIVA	INTERROGATIVA	INTERROGATIVO-NEGATIVA
Forma per esteso	I was You were He was She was It was	I was not You were not He was not She was not It was not	Was I . ? Were you . ? Was he . ? Was she . ? Was it . ?	Was I not . ? Were you not . ? Was he not . ? Was she not . ? Was it not . ?
Forma per esteso	We were You were They were	We were not You were not They were not	Were we . ? Were you . ? Were they . ?	Were we not . ? Were you not . ? Were they not . ?

Forma contratta		I wasn't You weren't He wasn't She wasn't It wasn't		Wasn't I . ? Weren't you . ? Wasn't he . ? Wasn't she . ? Wasn't it . ?
Forma contratta		We weren't You weren't They weren't		Weren't we . ? Weren't you . ? Weren't they . ?

Verbo avere

Presente

	AFFERMATIVA	NEGATIVA	INTERROGATIVA
Forma per esteso	I have (got) You have (got) He has (got) She has (got) It has (got)	I have not got You have not got He has not got She has not got It has not got	Have I got . ? Have you got . ? Has he got . ? Has she got . ? Has it got . ?
Forma per esteso	We have (got) You have (got) They have (got)	We have not got You have not got They have not got	Have we got Have you got . ? Have they got . ?

Forma contratta	I've (got) You've (got) He's (got) She's (got) It's (got)	I haven't got You haven't got He hasn't got She hasn't got It hasn't got
Forma contratta	We've (got) You've (got) They've (got)	We haven't got You haven't got They haven't got

Forma AFFERMATIVA: Soggetto + TO HAVE (GOT) + complemento (Es: Mark has (got) a car

Forma NEGATIVA: Soggetto + TO HAVE GOT + NOT + complemento (Es: Mark hasn't got a car

Forma INTERROGATIVA: TO HAVE + soggetto + GOT + complemento (Es: Has Mark got a car?

Forma INTERRO-NEGATIVA: forma contratta di TO HAVE e NOT+ soggetto + GOT + complemento (Es: Hasn't Mark got a car?

AFFERMATIVA	NEGATIVA	INTERROGATIVA

I had You had He had She had It had	I didn't have You didn't have He didn't have She didn't have It didn't have	Did I have . ? Did you have . ? Did he have . ? Did she have . ? Did it have . ?
We had You had They had	We didn't have You didn't have They didn't have	Did we have . ? Did you have . ? Did they have . ?

Simple past

Numeri

L'ora

Numeri Cardinali
one 1	eleven	twenty-one 21	forty 40
two 2	twelve	twenty-two 22	fifty 50
three 3	thirteen 13	twenty-three 23	sixty 60
four 4	fourteen 14	twenty-four 24	seventy 70
five 5	fifteen 15	twenty-five 25	eighty 80
six 6	sixteen 16	twenty-six 26	ninety 90
seven 7	seventeen 17	twenty-seven 27	a (one) hundred 100
eight 8	eighteen 18	twenty-eight 28	a (one) thousand 1,000
nine 9	nineteen 19	twenty-nine 29	ten thousand 10,000
ten 10	twenty 20	thirty 30	a (one) million 1,000,000

O'clock

Half past

Domanda: What time is it, please?

What's the time, please?

Risposta: It's minuto.. To Past.. ora.

At . . . . . . ..(se e alle)

From . . . to (dalle . alle)

Am= mattina 0.00 a 12.00

Pm sera 12.01 a 23.59

Oggi è -> today's

Numeri Ordinali
the first 1st	the eleventh 11th	the twenty-first 21st
the second 2nd	the twelfth 12th	the twenty-second 22nd
the third 3rd	the thirteenth 13th	the twenty-third 23rd
the fourth 4th	the fourteenth 14th	the thirtieth 30th
the fifth 5th	the fifteenth 15th	the fortieth 40th
the sixth 6th	the sixteenth 16th	the fiftieth 50th
the seventh 7th	the seventeenth 17th	the sixtieth 60th
the eighth 8th	the eighteenth 18th	the hundredth 100th
the ninth 9th	the nineteenth 19th	the thousandth 1,000th
the tenth 10th	the twentieth 20th	the millionth 1,000,000th

midnight -> mezzanotte

midday -> mezzogiorno

*Italiano*	*Inglese*
*lunedì*	*monday*
*martedì*	*tuesday*
*mercoledì*	*wednesday*
*giovedì*	*thursday*
*venerdì*	*friday*
*sabato*	*saturday*
*domenica*	*sunday*

Mesi dell'anno
January	April	July	October
February	May	August	November
March	June	September	December

resent Simple to drink	Esempio
I drink	I drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Bevo due litri d'acqua al giorno
you drink	You drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Bevi due litri d'acqua al giorno
he drinks	Ron drinks 2 litres of water every day. -> Ron beve due litri d'acqua al giorno
she drinks	Susan drinks 2 litres of water every day. -> Susan beve due litri d'acqua al giorno
it drinks	My dog drinks 2 litres of water every day. -> Il mio cane beve due litri d'acqua al giorno
we drink	We drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Beviamo due litri d'acqua al giorno
you drink	You drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Bevete due litri d'acqua al giorno
they drink	Ron and Susan drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Ron e Susan bevono due litri d'acqua al giorno

Frase negativa

SOGGETTO + don't/doesn't + infinito senza TO del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Simple to drink	Esempio
I don't drink	I don't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Non bevo due litri d'acqua al giorno
you don't drink	You don't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Non bevi due litri d'acqua al giorno
he doesn't drink	Ron doesn't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Ron non beve due litri d'acqua al giorno
she doesn't drink	Susan doesn't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Susan non beve due litri d'acqua al giorno
it doesn't drink	My dog doesn't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Il mio cane non beve due litri d'acqua al giorno
we don't drink	We don't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Non beviamo due litri d'acqua al giorno
you don't drink	You don't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Non bevete due litri d'acqua al giorno
they don't drink	Ron and Susan don't drink 2 litres of water every day. -> Ron e Susan non bevono due litri d'acqua al giorno

Frase interrogativa

Do/Does + SOGGETTO + infinito senza TO del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Simple to drink	Esempio
Do I drink	Do I drink too much water? -> Bevo troppa acqua?
Do you drink	Do you drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Bevi due litri d'acqua al giorno?
Does he drink	Does Ron drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Ron beve due litri d'acqua al giorno?
Does she drink	Does Susan drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Susan beve due litri d'acqua al giorno?
Does it drink	Does your dog drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Il tuo cane beve due litri d'acqua al giorno?
Do we drink	Do we drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Beviamo due litri d'acqua al giorno?
Do you drink	Do you drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Bevete due litri d'acqua al giorno?
Do they drink	Do Ron and Susan drink 2 litres of water every day? -> Ron e Susan bevono due litri d'acqua al giorno?

Frase affermativa

SOGGETTO + Present Simple TO BE + forma -ING del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Progressive to drink	Esempio
I am drinking I'm drinking	I am drinking a glass of water. -> Sto bevendo (Bevo) un bicchiere d'acqua
you are drinking you're drinking	You are drinking a glass of water. -> Stai bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua
he is drinking he's drinking	Ron is drinking a glass of water. -> Ron sta bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua
she is drinking she's drinking	Susan is drinking a glass of water. -> Susan sta bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua
it is drinking it's drinking	My dog is drinking. -> Il mio cane sta bevendo
we are drinking we're drinking	We are drinking a bottle of water. -> Stiamo bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua
you are drinking you're drinking	You are drinking a bottle of water. -> State bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua
they are drinking they're drinking	Ron and Susan are drinking a bottle of water. -> Ron e Susan stanno bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua

Frase negativa

SOGGETTO + Present Simple TO BE + not + forma -ING del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Progressive to drink	Esempio
I am not drinking I'm not drinking	I'm not drinking a glass of water. -> Non sto bevendo (Non bevo) un bicchiere d'acqua
you are not drinking you're not drinking you aren't drinking	You aren't drinking a glass of water. -> Non stai bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua
he is not drinking he's not drinking he isn't drinking	Ron isn't drinking a glass of water. -> Ron non sta bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua
she is not drinking she's not drinking she isn't drinking	Susan isn't drinking a glass of water. -> Susan non sta bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua
it is not drinking it's not drinking it isn't drinking	My dog isn't drinking. -> Il mio cane non sta bevendo
we are not drinking we're not drinking we aren't drinking	We aren't drinking a bottle of water. -> Non stiamo bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua
you are not drinking you're not drinking you aren't drinking	You aren't drinking a bottle of water. -> Non state bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua
they are not drinking they're not drinking they aren't drinking	Ron and Susan aren't drinking a bottle of water. -> Ron e Susan non stanno bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua

Frase interrogativa

Present Simple TO BE + SOGGETTO + forma -ING del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Present Progressive to drink	Esempio
Am I drinking	Am I drinking too much? -> Sto bevendo (Bevo) troppo?
Are you drinking	Are you drinking a glass of water? -> Stai bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua?
Is he drinking	Is Ron drinking a glass of water? -> Ron sta bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua?
Is she drinking	Is Susan drinking a glass of water? -> Susan sta bevendo un bicchiere d'acqua?
Is it drinking	Is my dog drinking? -> Il mio cane sta bevendo?
Are we drinking	Are we drinking too much? -> Stiamo bevendo troppo?
Are you drinking	Are you drinking my bottle of water? -> State bevendo la mia bottiglia d'acqua?
Are they drinking	Are Ron and Susan drinking a bottle of water? -> Ron e Susan stanno bevendo una bottiglia d'acqua?

Frase affermativa

SOGGETTO + Past Simple + COMPLEMENTI

Past Simple to work	Esempio
I worked	I worked hard last week -> Ho lavorato molto la scorsa settimana
you worked	You worked all night long -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte
he worked	Bob worked in London last summer -> Bob ha lavorato a Londra l'estate scorsa
she worked	She worked as a teacher -> Ha lavorato come insegnante
it worked	It worked very well -> Ha funzionato molto bene
we worked	We worked at home-> Abbiamo lavorato a casa
you worked	You worked together -> Avete lavorato insieme
they worked	They worked here yesterday -> Hanno lavorato qui ieri

I verbi che terminano in -E aggiungono solo la D

Es: to live -> lived

I verbi monosillabi, che terminano con una consonante preceduta da una sola vocale, raddoppiano la consonante prima di aggiungere -ED

Es: to stop -> stopped

I verbi che terminano in -Y preceduta da consonante trasformano la -Y in -I prima di aggiungere -ED

Es: to study -> studied

Frase negativa

SOGGETTO + didn't + infinito senza TO del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Past Simple to work	Esempio
I didn't work	I didn't work hard last week -> Non ho lavorato molto la scorsa settimana
you didn't work	You didn't work all night long -> Non hai lavorato tutta la notte
he didn't work	Bob didn't work in London last summer -> Bob non ha lavorato a Londra l'estate scorsa
she didn't work	She didn't work as a teacher -> Non ha lavorato come insegnante
it didn't work	It didn't work very well -> Non ha funzionato molto bene
we didn't work	We didn't work at home -> Non abbiamo lavorato a casa
you didn't work	You didn't work together -> Non avete lavorato insieme
they didn't work	They didn't work here yesterday -> Non hanno lavorato qui ieri

Frase interrogativa

Did + SOGGETTO + infinito senza TO del verbo + COMPLEMENTI

Past Simple to work	Esempio
Did I work	Did I work hard last week? -> Ho lavorato molto la scorsa settimana?
Did you work	Did you work all night long? -> Hai lavorato tutta la notte?
Did he work	Did Bob work in London last summer? -> Bob ha lavorato a Londra l'estate scorsa?
Did she work	Did she work as a teacher? -> Ha lavorato come insegnante?
Did it work	Did it work well? -> Ha funzionato bene?
Did we work	Did we work for nothing? -> Abbiamo lavorato per niente?
Did you work	Did you work together? -> Avete lavorato insieme?
Did they work	Did they work here yesterday -> Hanno lavorato qui ieri?

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